Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Activity of Kyllinga nemoralis Roots Aqueous Extract

Human Herpesvirus 1 known as herpes simplex virus type (HSV-1) is belonged to the Herpesviridae family, Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, and Simplexvirus genus. Kyllinga nemoralis, whitehead spike sedge, white kyllinga, globose spike, or poverty grass, a monocotyledonous flowering graminoid similar grasses rushes. Acyclovir (ACV) did not eradicate HSV-1 infection drug only focuses on inhibiting production of new viral genomes by interfering with DNA synthesis. This study aimed identify cytotoxic concentration (CC50) K. nemoralis roots aqueous extract evaluate its antiviral activities against HSV-1. 
 Cytotoxicity assay involved incubation Vero cells 10 concentrations ranging between 0.002 mg/mL 1.000 mg/mL. MTT solution was added absorbance measured at 540 nm [1]. The CC50 determined from graph cell viability (%) concentrations. Antiviral assays post-treatment, pre-treatment virucidal tests mode activity. 50 % effective (EC50) derived plaque inhibition Selectivity index (SI) evaluated ratio EC50 [2]. Post-treatment assay: Cells were inoculated for 2 hours. Extract (2% DMEM 1% MCS) into incubated 48 Pre-treatment treated in 5% 24 hours hour 30 minutes. Then, overlaid Virucidal virus-extract suspension 2% MCS After incubation, stained crystal violet room temperature plaques counted percentage calculated. revealed able kill 50% population. showed that 0.062 inhibited intracellular replication. indicated 0.02 produced protective effects towards cells. Finally, demonstrated 0.222 initiated extracellular interaction [3] shown Table 1. cytotoxicity CC50, 0.72 toxic Therefore, lower 0.016 0.5 mg/mL, least non-toxic utilized subsequent screenings [4]. good replication an SI more than which 11.61. Similarly, investigation, excellent activity corresponding 36.00. finding highlight most when administered pre-treatment. exhibited probably results host glycoprotein receptors due prevention binding virions [5]. weak extract. It supported low SI, 3.24 Figure 1.1. suggests minutes exposure could be insufficient show In conclusion, present inhibits in-vitro productive through three different modes are replication, surface inhibit moderate direct destruction particles.